Once you have a basic topic in mind, the Who, What , Where, When or Why Strategy is a great way to begin to think about different aspects of your topic and begin to focus on it.
WHY did you choose the topic? What interests you about it? Do you have an opinion about the issues involved?
WHO are the information providers on this topic? Who might publish information about it? Who is affected by the topic? Do you know of organizations or institutions affiliated with the topic?
WHAT are the major questions for this topic? Is there a debate about the topic? Are there a range of issues and viewpoints to consider?
WHERE is your topic important: at the local, national or international level? Are there specific places affected by the topic?
WHEN is/was your topic important? Is it a current event or an historical issue? Do you want to compare your topic by time periods?
Content from "Introduction to Research: Humanities and Social Sciences", Queens University Library Research Guide, 2025
It might be necessary to refine your topic, meaning - working on focusing on a specific subject and/or person from within the broad topic you've chosen.
EXAMPLE:
Once some refining has been done, the next step will be to develop your topic. This can be done by:
Another great way to work out what topic and direction to go in is by doing some concept mapping.
Check out this great concept mapping tutorial created by Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) Research and Instruction Librarian Ellen Petraits, explaining how concept mapping can help you sketch out ideas for research papers and art projects.

If you are choosing your own topic, remember that this process is research and that it is NOT a linear, one-way street from deciding on a topic to writing your paper. It is very likely that in the process of choosing your topic, you will be going through cycles of exploratory research, modifying your research question, writing, editing, and rewriting.
Here’s a video produced by NCSU Libraries about how picking your topic is research.